Wednesday, December 25, 2019

The Process Of Hiv / Aids - 1831 Words

The Process of HIV/AIDS Biology Mr.Brandt Connor Van Peursem The Process of HIV/AIDS AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is one of the worst diseases a person can get in their lifetime. This relatively new disease is terrible because it only can come through transfusion of blood and it becomes a part of a person’s body’s chemical makeup until it strikes. Due to this there is no known cure for AIDS. Getting AIDS means almost certain death for the victim. This paper will go through the terrible process of AIDS from discovering HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which is the virus a person contracts which gives a person AIDS, to the eventual death of the victim. First this paper will go through the history of HIV/AIDS.†¦show more content†¦Due to the fact that the disease wasn’t identified at the time doctors kept samples of his blood and various tissues. When Robert was still alive he told doctors that his grandfather experienced the same symptoms he did which suggests that HIV/AIDS has been around a lot longer than the recent epidemics of the 1980’s. Before the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome could be identified however it appeared in several other immunodeficiency conditions such as Kaposi’s Sarcoma or KS and the strain of Pneumonia known as the pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or PSP. When the epidemics of HIV hit major cities all across the United States it was largely confined to four major groups. The press dubbed these groups the 4-H club. One of the groups were hemophiliacs who received infected blood during a transfusion. Another group was heroin users or people who used drugs by means of injection. The third group were those of Haitian origin given the high number of cases reported in Haiti during that time. The final group was Homosexual men who reported higher incidences of the disease then any other group. When scientist started digging into the disease they learned that females could gain HIV through sex. They also found outShow MoreRelate dCenters For Disease Control And Prevention Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC-Funded HIV Testing: United, States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Atlanta, Georgia 2014. An 85-page, 2014, Center for Disease Control (CDC) issued guidelines for HIV funding and testing. The document highlights the steps that organizations proving HIV testing and services must follow, upon receiving a positive HIV test results. This process includes uniting medical and social aspects of HIV care for the patient by providing referrals to partnerRead MoreSpreading Of Hiv / Aids1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe Spreading of HIV/AIDS What is AIDS and how it is spreading throughout the world? Throughout the 20th-21st Century, AIDS has been a top primary concern for many people and how it can spread numerous ways through any physical contact. AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, has a set of symptoms that has caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV. This type of virus is considered to be when a person’s immune system is too weak to defend advanced HIV infections andRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids1147 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/AIDS During the 1980’s, a very devastating infectious disease broke out in America, which is now known as the Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Aids have been one of the most damaging and destructive diseases in history. The only reason behind the spread of the deadly disease- AIDS is lack of knowledge which has resulted in growing number everyday. â€Å"UNAIDS estimates that as of December 2000, there were an estimated 36.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS (34.7 million adults and 1.4Read MoreCenters For Disease Control And Prevention Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesDisease Control and Prevention. CDC-Funded HIV Testing: United, States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Atlanta, Georgia 2014. An 85-page HIV funding and testing guideline issued by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2014. The document highlights the steps that organizations providing HIV testing and services must follow, upon receiving a HIV positive test result. This process includes uniting the medical and social aspects of HIV care for patients. The document also providesRead MoreHow Hipaa Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process1652 Words   |  7 PagesViolations Affect The Medical Billing Process HCR/220 September 23. 2012 How HIPAA Violations Affect The Medical Billing Process HIV and AIDS are two very serious diseases which first came known and reported in the U.S. in 1981. Today it is estimated that 1.7 million people in the U.S. have been infected with HIV since that date 619,000 people have already died from it. The CDC, (Center For Disease Control) estimates that every one in five people living with HIV, are unaware that they even haveRead MoreHiv And How Is It Different From Hiv ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus )? Aids?1689 Words   |  7 PagesWhat exactly is AIDS and how is it different from HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)? AIDS is a severe form of HIV in which someone’s immune system is completely destroyed; HIV is a virus that affects the immune system. In other words, you can have HIV without AIDS, but if you have AIDS, then you automatically have HIV. The origin of HIV is disputed between scientists; some have theorized that it was passed down from apes and somehow transferred between humans. HIV attacks the bloodstream and eliminatesR ead MoreAids, Hiv, And Aids1726 Words   |  7 PagesAIDS and HIV in Africa Picture this: a young child who is very skinny, ribs and all other bones are showing through the skin, they are born with HIV. it then leads to AIDS, due to their parents. HIV is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If HIV is left untreated, it can lead to AIDS, which is an acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In Nigeria, Africa millions of people have the disease of AIDS and HIV. There is not many treatment options or solutions for this serious issue that takes place all over theRead MoreHiv Is A Human Immunodeficiency Virus1721 Words   |  7 PagesPicture this: a young child who is very skinny, ribs and all other bones are showing through the skin, they are born with HIV. it then leads to AIDS, due to their parents. HIV is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If HIV is left untreated, it can lead to AIDS, which is an acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In Nigeria, Africa millions of people have the disease of AIDS and HIV. There is not many treatment options or solutions for this serious is sue that takes place all over the country. There are aRead MoreWhy Hiv / Aids Is A Serious Disease Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesWHY HIV/AIDS IS A SERIOUS DISEASE HIV/AIDS is a disease that has more than 34 million people infected worldwide. This disease has 5,700 new infections every day, resulting in 240 more every single hour. This disease has caused 21.8 million deaths before the year 2000 and caused 1.8 million in 2012 alone. The same disease has one in three people in sub-Saharan Africa infected, and has no cure. These aforementioned facts, plus countless others presented are staggering and are compiled by leading organisationsRead MoreHiv / Aids : The Philippines And Vietnam1228 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/ AIDS The Philippines and Vietnam Courtney Tester Case Study Research Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment for HLS 450: Global Health I. Introduction In this case study, I will be comparing the two countries Vietnam and the Philippines. I will be studying the rates of HIV/ AIDS and also looking in to what plans are put in place to lower these rates. Vietnam is located in the South East Asian area near the Indochinese Peninsula. (Cima, 1987). Ethnic differences was the settling factor

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Eye Opener The Mind And Body - 1480 Words

Samantha Benton Gallos and Hogg English 3 December 14 2015 Eye Opener: The Mind and Body High School can be a very strenuous time for teenagers. They can develop many different types of disorders. One type of disorder that is becoming very common in the everyday high school aged student are eating disorders. Even though some people believe it is normal to have an eating disorder, people should be aware of the different kind of eating disorders because it is easy to develop these kinds of illnesses and too many innocent teenagers are dying from these unhealthy life choices. There are different types of eating disorders but the most common are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating. It is only human to wish to look differently or want to lose weight; however, many young people choose an unhealthy route to achieve these goals. The main cause of Anorexia Nervosa is unknown but there a lot of leading factors such as depression, anxiety, being bullied at school, etc. â€Å"Anorexia is a complex condition that arises from a combination of many social, emotional, and biological factors† (Anorexia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, causes, and Treatments). Someone with anorexia always has the fear of gaining of weight or becoming fat, even if the person is underweight. In some cases, someone with Anorexia Nervosa purges (self-induced vomiting) as a quicker way to lose weight, which causes the esophagus to become swollen or even tear apart. Others with this disorder use laxatives,Show MoreRelatedEye Opener : The Mind And Body1478 Words   |  6 PagesSamantha Benton Mitchell English 4 October 28 2015 Eye Opener: The Mind and Body High School can be a very strenuous time for teenagers. They can develop many different types of disorders. One type of disorder that is becoming very common in the everyday high school aged student are eating disorders. Even though some people believe it is normal to have an eating disorder, people should be aware of the different kind of eating disorders because it is easy to develop these kinds of illnesses andRead MoreWhen I Took The Flexibility Quiz907 Words   |  4 Pagesconsideration the person I am talking to and the current situation. This will help me form an appropriate message. Also, it is important to remember that things change, and what might be acceptable one day won’t be another. Lastly, it is good to keep in mind that there are many directions that one can take a conversation, it is necessary to think about the possible outcomes. 2. Joe is faces a few obstacles when it comes to communicating his emotions. First, Joe needs to realize that what is appropriateRead MoreThe Lonely Death Of George Bell Analysis1310 Words   |  6 Pageslife of George Bell. On the other hand, even though Kleinfield’s story; George Bell’s Life, is a common topic in everyday life, I found it to be a sad topic (The Found Him 272-73), emotional personally (In 1996, George Bell 290-91), and a potential eye opener (The People Named 285-87) for people to realize that what we read can have an impact on our lives and make us change or update our perspectives on things. In this essay, â€Å"The Lonely Death of George Bell† by N.R. Kleinfield details the life andRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Movement939 Words   |  4 Pagestell them more about how Kinesiology. The concept of this major is so much more than just â€Å"sports† and exercise. From kinesiology being built on n the foundation of kinetics it gives us a chance to be able to move and use certain mechanics within the body to give us a chance to dance with our spouse, hug our loved ones and run with our kids. And when unfortunate evens happen were we can’t perform those simple activity of motion, kinesiology gives us the fundamentals on how to give those that can’t â€Å"move†Read MoreWatching The Video On Child Interactions Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout watching the video on Child interactions it was a real eye opener. There are a lot more interactions that can happen with children than I thought that there could be. Now after watching the video and learning a lot about the different interactions, I look forward to being able to apply that in lab and in daily encounters with children. I think it will strengthen me for future interactions with children as a teacher. The first one was Watch and listen to children. This one is importantRead MoreMy Mother s Reasoning For Entering The Teaching Profession1115 Words   |  5 Pagesarms. Every teacher showed respect for one another and it was a very positive environment to be in. My mother’s program at the school is government funded. Her job is to give awareness to all students about drugs and how they can cause harm to the body. The grade area that I was able to observe was kindergarten through fifth grade. During this observation, I notice that the different age groups and how responsible they were. Believe it or not, I noticed the kindergarteners were very respectful andRead MoreNursing Personal And Professional Growth 2 : Ipe Individual1359 Words   |  6 Pagesis saying. Examples of this are; lack of eye contact, slouched in chair, hands crossed, rolling eyes and being occupied with other things while someone else is speaking. During the Care Conference sitting slouched back and lack of eye contact were the two main forms of ineffective non verbal communication that I saw. Effective non verbal communication techniques are having eye contact, good posture and leaned forward to look more engaged, appropriate body language and face gestures that show thatRead MoreWhere Are You Going? Where Have You Been?1466 Words   |  6 PagesJust one year after his sentenced and three years after her death Alleen Rowe’s body was found. Schmid had only escaped prison once but was immediately found after. He later died on March 10th, 1975 he was stabbed 47 times by two fellow prisoners. The short story is an eye opener for young women to beware of their surrounding. The short story became a classic and is read all throughout schools. It really open the eyes of the reader to beware of strangers and that even the person they believe wouldRead MoreEating Habits By Eliminating Meat From My Diet903 Words   |  4 Pagesnutrition is healthy for the body system; the correct amount of vegetables, carbohydrates, proteins, and fat. For this project, I will like to modify my eating habits by eliminating meat from my diet. According to a study conducted in Uruguay, â€Å"red meat, lamb, boiled meat and nitrosamines fro, meat were directly associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC), whereas fish was inversely associated with this malignancy.† This study was an eye-opener for me. In the future, I don’tRead More The Pressure To Be Perfect Essay725 Words   |  3 Pagesthat people have forgotten about an individual having beauty within. The sayings â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder† and â€Å"beauty is only skin deep† come to mind when I think about just how much emphasis is placed on outer appearance. A major factor that has increased the percentage of overweight people in society is technology. This includes items such as elevators, escalators, garage-door openers, drive-in windows, and the remote control. It use to be that you would at least burn some calories

Monday, December 9, 2019

Security Analysis & Portfolio Management Free Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Provide a Brief Discussion on the Chosen Index2.Provide the latest and relevant Contribution of the Stock3.Provide the aggressive and defensive securities within the Chosen Index4.Discuss on Securities, which are Undervalued and Overvalued:5.Recommend the Adequate Investment on the Financial Evaluation. Answers: 1.Providing a brief discussion on the Chosen index: The overall Dow Jones 30 Index is mainly selected due to the high liquidity in the market. In addition, the index holds the maximum number of shares all around the world and represent the exact trend of the world. The index mainly comprises of significant stocks traded in NYSE and NASDAQ. The index is one of the oldest in world and effectively watched by maximum of the investors around the world. Dow Jones 30 Index mainly comprises of high yielding stocks, which are used by investors to identify the current trend of the market. 2.Discussion on the latest and relevant contribution of the stock: The overall stock selected in the assignment mainly depicts the CAPM return, Beta and Alpha, which could help in pinpointing the adequate stock for investment. The use of Security Market Line diagram could depict the adequate overvalued and undervalued stocks. Dionne, Li and Okou (2013) mentioned that SML line is an effective method to pin point viable investment opportunity, which could increase return from investment. However, Dzaja and Aljinovic (2013) argued that SML line is solely dependent on CAPM, which increase the risk of investment drastically for investors. The derivation is aggressive and defensive stock could only be detected by evaluating its alpha and beta, which is used by investors during their investment decision period. Journals Used in CAPM Contribution Ahmed, M. and Chowdhury, F., 2016. Understanding Risk-Return Relationships: Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model to Evaluate Securities of the Food and Allied Sector in Bangladesh.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(4). The contribution of the journal is towards identifying the impact of CAPM in determining the stocks overvalue or under value scenario. Shoaib, A. and Siddiqui, M.A., 2016, October. Quantile Methods for Testing the Applicability of CAPM and FF-Model in Pakistan. InGAI International Academic Conferences Proceedings(p. 78). The journal mainly helped in identifying the impact to CAPM method in using the Quantile regression method. The finding mainly stated that the FF model is more adequate and contributes more value to the analysis than the CAPM model. Sembiring, F.M., Rahman, S., Effendi, N. and Sudarsono, R., 2016. Capital asset pricing model in market overreaction conditions: evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange.Polish Journal of Management Studies,14(2), pp.182-191. The journal mainly uses the CAPM model in detecting the price movement of a share. Moreover, the CAPM models could help in identifying the impact it has on returns of a share. Lee, H.S., Cheng, F.F. and Chong, S.C., 2016. Markowitz Portfolio Theory and Capital Asset Pricing Model for Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange: A Case Revisited.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,6(3S). The study mainly depicts whether CAPM model is adequate in determining the forecasted value of a stock. Gmez-Gonzlez, J.E. and Sanabria-Buenaventura, E.M., 2014. Non-parametric and semi-parametric asset pricing: An application to the Colombian stock exchange.Economic Systems,38(2), pp.261-268. The journal mainly aims in identifying the non parametrical CAPM, which could be used in rejecting the classical liner CAPM. Chakraborty, I., Kumar, A., Muhlhofer, T. and Sastry, R., 2016. CAPM, Factors, and Sectors: Do Investors Utilize Available Information?. The journal mainly determines whether the allocation of investors is best predicated by CAPM or not. Dai, J., Hu, J. and Lan, S., 2014. The empirical research of application of CAPM in China market.BioTechnology: An Indian Journal,10(12). The papers mainly validates the overall impact of CAPM in Chinese stock market Alqisie, A. and Alqurran, T., 2016. Validity of Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM)(Empirical Evidences from Amman Stock Exchange).Journal of Management Research,8(1), pp.207-223. This journal mainly evaluates the impact of CAPM model in different time zones, like monthly, weekly and daily. Michaud, R., Michaud, R. and Balter, D., 2013. fi360 Asset Allocation Optimizer: Risk-Return Estimates.Boston: New Frontier Advisors LLC. www. flexscore. com/ui/content/CapitalMarketInputs. pdf. The journal mainly utilises the CAPM models in determining the mean variance and effective it has on the overall optimal portfolio. Fan, G., Girardin, E., Wong, W.K. and Zeng, Y., 2015. The Risk of Individual Stocks Tail Dependence with the Market and Its Effect on Stock Returns.Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society,2015. The journal mainly states that CAPM mainly depicts the friction when investors use short selling measures as an investment option. 3.Discussing the aggressive and defensive securities within the chosen index: Particulars CAPM return Beta Alpha Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. -2.23% (0.35) 5.53% Greene County Bancorp, Inc -0.95% (0.25) 5.43% Prudential Bancorp, Inc 1.70% (0.04) 2.94% Risk free return 2.25% 0 0 Malvern Bancorp, Inc 3.44% 0.09 2.09% Wellesley Bancorp, Inc. 4.00% 0.14 -0.32% United Community Financial Corp 4.78% 0.20 0.24% Home Bancorp, Inc 7.48% 0.41 -3.47% New York Community Bancorp, Inc 7.77% 0.43 -7.56% Heritage Financial Corporation 8.95% 0.52 -6.09% Timberland Bancorp, Inc 10.18% 0.62 -5.78% FS Bancorp, Inc 10.43% 0.63 -5.14% Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. 10.47% 0.64 -8.69% WVS Financial Corp 10.93% 0.67 -8.49% First Connecticut Bancorp, Inc 11.10% 0.69 -7.95% United Financial Bancorp, Inc 13.66% 0.89 -11.68% Market return 15.14% 1.00 0 Table 1: Depicting the Beta, Alpha and CAPM returns (Source: As created by the author) The above table mainly depicts the relevant aggressive and defensive stocks listed in Dow Jones 30 Index. Out of the 15 stock, whose beta is less than zero could be considered as the defensive stock, which are used by investors if stock market does not perform well or is in a down trend. There are three stocks namely Southern Missouri Bancorp, Greene County Bancorp, and Prudential Bancorp, which could be identified within the 15 stocks as the defensive investment opportunity. The rest of all the 12 stocks listed in the table 1 could be identified as the aggressive stock, which is used by investors to increase return from their investment. These aggressive stocks mainly have a positive beta, which increase the chance of loss for the investor. Dzaja and Aljinovic (2013) mentioned that investors mainly use the defence stocks as hedging instruments because it helps in reducing the losses incurred in aggressive stocks. However, Ha and Hoang (2017) argued that hedging strategies mainly los es its friction if the whole capital market is experiencing a recession. The above table also depicts the alpha and beta of the stocks chosen from the Dow Index 30. The derivation beta and Alpha mainly allows the investor to understand them minimum risk, which is needed by them to maintain the position in the capital market. Habibi, Habibi and Habibi (2016) mentioned the beta derivation is an essential part of CAPM valuation, as higher beta will mainly increase the expected return generated from an investment. Table 1, also depicts the overall return from investment on each of the 15 stocks, which could be used by investors to locate the adequate investment opportunity. The overall CAPM returns mainly depict the beta of each stock. According to the CAPM model higher beta measures high return, this is expected from a stock. Jagric et al. (2015) stated that non-fulfilments of the expected return could eventually instigate a large sell sphere, which could decline share price of the stock. 4.Discussion on securities, which are undervalued and overvalued: Figure 1: Depicting the Security Market Line comprising of 15 stocks (Source: As depicted by the author) The figure mainly depicts the relevant stock, which have the adequate return and could be efficiently be used as an investment option. CAPM return mainly provides all the relevant stocks, which could be used as the viable option by shareholders for generating return from investment. The overall SML line mainly depicts the over and undervalued stocks, which could provide retune from investment to the investor. There are no under over valued stocks, as the CAPM of all the stock is on the trend line of risk free rate. This only indicates that with higher beta returns could be changed from investment. Thus, it could be understood that there is no under or overvalued stocks present in the 15 stocks. Lipiec (2014) stated that the use of CAPM mainly allows investor to identify the most viable stock, which could provide adequate return from investment. On the other hand, Mazzola and Gerace (2015) criticises that SML derivations could mainly reduce its friction if adequate CAPM return are not derived from calculations. 5.Recommending the adequate investment on the financial evaluation and findings: Particulars CAPM return Beta Alpha Malvern Bancorp, Inc 3.44% 0.09 2.09% Wellesley Bancorp, Inc. 4.00% 0.14 -0.32% United Community Financial Corp 4.78% 0.20 0.24% Home Bancorp, Inc 7.48% 0.41 -3.47% New York Community Bancorp, Inc 7.77% 0.43 -7.56% Heritage Financial Corporation 8.95% 0.52 -6.09% Timberland Bancorp, Inc 10.18% 0.62 -5.78% FS Bancorp, Inc 10.43% 0.63 -5.14% Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. 10.47% 0.64 -8.69% WVS Financial Corp 10.93% 0.67 -8.49% Table 2: Depicting the stock for investment (Source: As created by author) The above table mainly depict the list of stock, which have the least beta and could provide higher return from investment. The returns are mainly within the market return and are comprised of low beta. Investment in the above-depicted stocks could eventually help the investors in generating a constant income from investment, as the risk of investment is relatively low (Nghiem 2015). Thus, the investors for generating a steady return from investment could conduct investment in the above stocks. Reference Dionne, G., Li, J. and Okou, C., 2013. An Extension of the Consuption-Based CAPM Model. Dzaja, J. and Aljinovic, Z., 2013. Testing CAPM model on the emerging markets of the Central and Southeastern Europe.Croatian Operational Research Review,4, p.164. DÃ… ¾aja, J. and Aljinovi?, Z., 2013. Testing CAPM model on the emerging markets of the Central and Southeastern Europe.Croatian Operational Research Review,4(1), pp.164-175. Ha, N.M. and Hoang, N.D., 2017. Applying the CAPM Model in Identifying the Electricity Retail Price in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy,7(2), pp.185-192. Habibi, H., Habibi, R. and Habibi, H., 2016. Derivation of Kalman Filter Estimates Using Bayesian Theory: Application in Time Varying Beta CAPM Model.Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods,5(2), pp.1-16. Jagric, T., Podobnik, B., Strasek, S. and Jagric, V., 2015. Risk-adjusted performance of mutual funds: some tests.South-eastern Europe journal of Economics,5(2). Lipiec, J., 2014. Capital Asset Pricing Model Testing at Warsaw Stock Exchange: Are Family Businesses the Remedy for Economic Recessions?.International Journal of Financial Studies,2(3), pp.266-279. Mazzola, P. and Gerace, D., 2015. A Comparison Between a Dynamic and Static Approach to Asset Management Using CAPM Models on the Australian Securities Market.Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal,9(2), p.43. Nghiem, L., 2015. Risk-return relationship: An empirical study of different statistical methods for estimating the Capital Asset Pricing Models (CAPM) and the Fama-French model for large cap stocks.arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.07101. Sharifi, M., Ohadi, F. and Monjazeb, M.R., 2014. The Relationship between Stock Risk and Return Using the Consumption Based Capital Asset Pricing Model (C-CAPM) in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries.Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance,4(5), pp.90-103.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Mona Lisa Smile

Popular culture often opens the window into the cultural norms of our society, its perceptions, and discourses. It portrays how the social mores of the society shape family, social life, and gender roles. It also acts as a medium of dissemination to teach about one’s self-identity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mona Lisa Smile specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Popular culture therefore, shapes the way an individual or group thinks, often observed in popular cultural movements like the Beat, the Hip Hop, the Dadaists, and many more. Films, in line with other popular cultural media, have helped in presenting various socio-cultural aspects of life. There are many movies dealing with girl power and 1960s post-feminist â€Å"second wave feminism† (Tally, 2008, p. 107). Many films have tried to explore the realms of gender roles and the breaking of the prevalent societal discourse regarding the role of w omen. One such movie, reviewed and discussed in this paper, is Mona Lisa Smile (2003). This movie is a more explicit confrontation with portrayal of young women struggling against their traditional roles that opens up a cultural space between the second wave feminists and the post feminist daughters who only wanted to be homemakers (Frieden, 1997; Tally, 2008). This paper explores the themes, symbols, and cultural space portrayed by the film Mona Lisa Smile. Mona Lisa Smile is a film about Katherine Watson (played by Julia Roberts) a graduate from UCLA accepts a job offer as an art teacher from Wellesley College in the 1950s. Watson brings in liberal feminist ideas into the college and among girls in class, especially Betty Warren (Khristen Dunst), Joan Brandwyn (Julia Stiles), and Giselle Levy (Maggie Gyllenhaal). The plot of the movie spins around these characters and the way Watson eventually helps them see the meaning of her liberalist ideals and find their own identity. In her very first class, Watson encounters a class-full of bright young women who are intelligent but their intelligence is marred by their conventional and traditional discourse and knowledge. A free-spirited Watson who â€Å"wanted to make a difference,† tried to change the way women looked at traditional gender roles and their career options in a conservative school like Wellesley. The movie shows that the idea of schooling at the time was to make the women adept with domestic ideologies. Therefore, young women were taught to be educated in the right way, think in the right was in order to achieve their role in the marriage market.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Watson is described as a woman â€Å"lived by her own definition and would not compromise that† (Newell, 2003) initially faces a lot of challenge from a group of conservative management body as well as student named Betty who was brought up to believe that all women would want is to get married and be a homemaker. However, inside was a boiling spirit that wanted to reject the prevalent norms and teachings about gender role. The movie wanted to show the way women believed in their lives in the 1950s through a series of video footage available in the movie’s DVD showing women in the fifties, statistics comparing women taking full time employment after graduation of then and the present time and how many claimed they were virgins. The gender roles have changed since then, but for what, that was due to the first of wave of feminists in the fifties in the US who believed that these social barriers of women being only homemakers had to be broken down. The movie depicts an era that was before the sexual revolution and what women faced in the era. Watson plays against the conventional norms of womanhood in the 1950s, as she was still unmarried in her 30s. This is not acceptable and almost a taboo for many of the students in her class but she remains herself and tries to shatter the glass ceiling. Through her lectures on art history, Watson tries to help the students break the barrier of methodical and text oriented understanding. She believes that the young women in Wellesley were smart, confident, and were capable of doing much more than just be homemakers. She defines the new more out of the box thinking for the girls in her class through the new way of teaching the art course that she outlines the course as â€Å"What is art? What makes it is good or bad? And who decides?† the ethos of the day was teaching through textbooks and a good student was expected to know the textbook thoroughly. In a way this was intended to help young women become exemplary mothers who could spell out the course while educating their children or appear educated and cultured as their designated role of being wives to the elite male club. Watson comes from the Bohemian west culture and wants to â€Å"make a difference†. However, the conservative alumni body of the college holds down her aspirations to bring change. They try to restrict Watson’s potential as a teacher and a feminist liberal by defining the course outline when she is invited to join back the following year.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mona Lisa Smile specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The conservative society tried to subdue the force of change embodied in Watson, but Watson decides to leave in search of new walls to break. Nevertheless, she leaves the imprint of her ideas and believes in the lives of the three other main characters, her students, as they learn to see beyond their discoursed and traditional roles, they see themselves. Mona Lisa Smile is a tale of the way women’s lives were shaped in 1950s in America, their limited existence within the barricaded walls of â€Å"home† and â€Å"m arriage†. The movie examines how male hegemonic discourse shaped young women’s attitudes and their choices and expectations after graduation from college. This is shown through Joan and Betty and how they tackle their personal problem in eventually finding themselves. The movie above all demonstrates how popular culture helps to depict reality and brings out the social, structural changes that changed the women’s world in the 1950s. It raises the question of women’s place and even though the setting is sixty years back, it holds relevance for present time as the question of women’s space is still relevant. References Frieden, B. (1997). Feminine Mystique. New York: W.W. Norton Company Ltd. Newell, M. (Director). (2003). Mona Lisa Smile [Motion Picture]. Tally, M. (2008). Representation of Girls and Young Women in Films as Entry Point to Studying Girl Culture. In C. Mitchell, J. Reid-Walsh, Girl Culture: Studying girl culture : a readers’ gu ide (pp. 107-115). New York: ABC-CLIO. This essay on Mona Lisa Smile was written and submitted by user Victor Clark to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.